453. Dead charity is characteristic of those whose faith is dead, since the nature of charity is like the nature of faith. It was shown in the chapter on faith, that faith and charity make a single whole. Faith is dead in the case of those who perform no deeds, as is clear from the Epistle of James (2:17, 20). Moreover faith is dead in the case of those who do not believe in God, but in men, either alive or dead, and worship images as holy in themselves, as the pagans once did. The offerings of those of this faith which are given to images that work miracles, as they call them., in order to gain salvation, and are counted by them as charitable deeds, are nothing but gold and silver thrown into the urns and caskets containing the dead; or rather, like the sops given to Cerberus*, and the fare paid to Charon** to ferry souls across to the Elysian fields. However the charity of those who believe that God does not exist, but take Nature to be God, is neither spurious, nor hypocritical nor dead, but non-existent, since it is not attached to any faith. It cannot be called charity, for it is faith which determines its nature. When viewed from heaven charity on the part of such people is like bread made of ashes, pate made of fish-scales, or fruit made of wax.